Glioma

What is glioma?

Glioma is a tumor that forms in the brain and spinal cord, and it is one of the most common forms of primary brain tumor. These tumors form from glial cells, which surround and support the function of nerve cells. There are numerous forms of glioma, including ependymomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and oligodendrogliomas. 

What are the symptoms of glioma?

Symptoms can vary between affected individuals depending on the location, rate of growth, and size of their tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Issues with balance
• Nausea
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Decline in brain function
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Urinary incontinence
• Speech difficulties
• Memory loss 
• Vision problems
• Irritability
• Personality changes

What causes glioma?

While medical professionals are unsure of the exact cause of glioma, they have identified a number of risk factors. These include radiation exposure, family history of glioma, and being between 45 and 65.

How is glioma diagnosed?

A neurologist is typically the person who diagnoses glioma. They do so by performing a neurological exam, imaging tests (MRIs, PET scans, and CT scans), and biopsies. Other tests may be necessary to assess the stage of cancer as well. 

What are the treatments for glioma?

Treatment should be individualized to each patient. Options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, and symptomatic care. 

Where can I find out more about glioma?

• Mayo Clinic
• Johns Hopkins Medicine
• Cleveland Clinic