What is PML?
PML stands for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. It’s a brain infection caused by the JC virus. The JC virus itself isn’t all that rare. In fact, its pretty common in the general population. However, it can be detrimental to those living with a diagnosis such as multiple sclerosis, AIDS, lupus, leukemia, lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases which are treated using biologic therapies.
PML attacks the protective covering of nerve cells in the brain. It can cause personality changes, reduced vision, weakness in the muscles, difficulty in coordination, and other ailments. There’s currently no treatment and Its usually fatal.
The Study
The JC virus is very similar to the BK virus. They have a comparable genetic makeup and share proteins. There is an effective treatment for the BK virus. Therefore, scientists believed the same treatment may have a chance of working to treat the JC virus, but until now- it had never been tried.
So, a study was conducted to treat PML patients with BK-specific virus T cells. The study was led by Katy Rezvani at the University of Texas.
The Results
Only three patients were tested in the first study, but after just one infusion the JC viral load was reduced in all three individuals. Patient 1 then was given two more infusions and within 27 months there were no signs of PML. Patient 2 had a continued reduction of their viral load after their second infusion but sadly passed away 8 moths after the first infusion. Patient 3, like Patient 1, had a complete clearance of their viral load and just 9 months after the first infusion has regained mobility. Patient 3 can now miraculously walk with just a little help from a cane.
Further Research
A larger study utilizing more patients is necessary in order to determine the complete effectiveness of this treatment. However, these results are extremely promising. For a condition that has up until now had no treatment options, we have high hopes for the success of this new therapy.
You can read more about this study in depth here.
