What do MRIs of the head and spine, CT scans of the head with contrast dye, CT myelograms of the spine, and radioisotope tests all have in common? These are all diagnostic tools to identify a cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak). However, these tools can be time-consuming and may not even identify where the leak is originating. According to LabPulse, researchers have developed a new diagnostic tool for identifying a CSF leak: a digital biosensor which can return results in as little as one second. 

Researchers developed a novel electrochemical sensor which can identify beta-2-transferrin (B2T). B2T is solely found in cerebrospinal fluid. After the sensor strip is analyzed, the device can identify whether a CSF leak is occurring and where it is occurring. The research team tested the device at the Neurological Intensive Care Unit at the University of Florida Health Shands Hospital, using cerebrospinal fluid samples from 9 individuals. 

Ultimately, the sensor was effective and able to identify B2T – even if cerebrospinal fluid had been diluted. Further, the researchers found that this novel sensor is even more sensitive than current testing options. 

To learn more about this sensor, and about future research into this sensor, take a look at the study findings published in the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. 

What is a CSF Leak?

Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, offering protection. A CSF leak occurs when cerebrospinal fluid leaks following a tear or hole in the dura mater (the outer layer of membranes outside of the CSF and spinal cord). There are a number of potential causes which may cause CSF leaks to occur, such as head injuries, brain or spinal surgery, spinal taps, or tube placement for epidurals or pain medications. Additionally, the leak may occur spontaneously. Associated symptoms include:

• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Neck stiffness
• Light sensitivity
• Headache which worsens when sitting but improves when lying down
• Nasal drainage
• Tinnitus 
• Dizziness
• A metallic taste in the mouth

Learn more about CSF leaks.