Each year, an estimated 2.9 million cases of cholera are reported across the globe. Caused by Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) bacteria, cholera can cause shock, dehydration, and even death. In many cases, this bacterium is spread through contaminated food or water. According to an article in Leadership, a Nigerian publication, cases of cholera in Yobe State increased rapidly over September and October due to flooding throughout the area.

At the time of reporting, there had been over 1,000 cases of cholera identified and recorded. Of these, Yobe State also saw at least fifty associated deaths. However, due to monitoring, as well as proactive measures and policies, the impact of this cholera outbreak was significantly lower than in prior years. 

The World Health Organization and state governments and health officials continue to engage in training to remain aware and up to date on important information regarding the spread and prevention of cholera.

What is Cholera?

As explained above, cholera is an acute bacterial disease caused by V. cholerae. This acute diarrheal infection can cause nausea and vomiting. It is typically transmitted through contaminated food and water, or from feces from an infected individual. Those who live in places with poor sewer systems, or unsafe food and water, are at the highest risk of developing cholera. Typically, symptoms appear within 12 hours to five days following infection. Most commonly, these symptoms appear within 2-3 days. Some individuals may have mild or asymptomatic infections. However, approximately 10% of individuals develop severe and life-threatening cholera which can cause death if left untreated. Symptoms in these cases include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Extreme thirst
• Watery diarrhea
• Restlessness and/or irritability
• Leg cramps
• Dehydration
• Rapid heart rate
• Low blood pressure

Treatment often includes oral or intravenously administered hydration. For those with severe cases, antibiotics are recommended. Those caring for cholera patients must maintain extreme hygiene standards to avoid spreading the bacteria further.