Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a rare condition that can be spread through the bites of infected mosquitos. In a majority of cases, birds are infected with EEE. However, if horses or humans are infected, it can become serious very quickly. According to an article in The Ledger, two horses recently died due to EEE near the Green Swamp in Polk County, FL. The horses had not been vaccinated against this illness.

As of the time of this article, no human cases of EEE have been identified in Polk County. To avoid any further infections, Polk County’s Mosquito Control Program has been spraying insecticide in the affected area. No cases of EEE have been identified in other areas of the state as well.

One of the best ways to guard against the spread of EEE and other mosquito-borne illnesses is to avoid mosquito bites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shares multiple tips for mosquito bite prevention, such as:

• Wearing loose fitting and long-sleeved shirts and pants
• Using insect repellant (and reapply as needed) such as DEET or IR3535
• Covering strollers or baby carriages with mosquito netting
• Reducing environmental factors (like stagnant water) that promote mosquito growth
• Repairing holes in screens that allow mosquitos entrance to your home

What is Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)?

Only a few cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, a rare viral infection that can cause life-threatening encephalitis (brain inflammation), are reported each year. This condition is more common in the Gulf or Eastern states. Although many people do not develop symptoms and recover easily, an estimated 30% of humans with EEE die; many others are left with neurological issues. For those who do have symptoms, these symptoms often appear within 4-10 days following transmission and last for 1-2 weeks. Potential symptoms can include:

• Fever and chills
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Muscle and joint pain
• Meningitis (infection of membranes around the brain/spinal cord)
• Drowsiness
• Changes in mood, personality, or behavior
• Paralysis
• Cranial nerve dysfunction
• Seizures
• Coma

If there is no central nervous system (CNS) involvement, many pople recover fully. There are no EEE-specific treatments. People recovering should rest and make sure to stay hydrated.