Corticosteroids are one of the standards-of-care for treating alopecia areata, alongside treatments such as topical sensitizers and Rogaine. However, none of these treatments have a high level of evidence in treatment efficacy. In a study spearheaded by researchers from Cairo University, the research team explored topical sodium valproate as a potential treatment modality.

Colby Strong discusses the study in Dermatology Advisor. Researchers wanted to understand how sodium valproate-loaded nanospanlastics compared to topical corticosteroids for patchy alopecia areata across all age groups (5+). Patchy alopecia areata means that those affected have less than 50% hair loss but at least two patches of missing hair.

66 individuals were split into two groups: one which received sodium valproate and the other which received topical corticosteroids. Each group was treated for a three-month period. Using trichoscopic and clinical assessments, researchers found that:

• Both groups had similar adverse reaction rates, but that sodium valproate was ultimately well-tolerated and safe. 14.82% of people using sodium valproate had mild skin scaliness, compared to 8% in those using corticosteroids. The corticosteroid group also saw incidences of folliculitis.
• 40.6% of participants using corticosteroids saw alopecia improvements of 50% or more. Alternately, 50% of participants using sodium valproate saw the same improvements. The difference in groups was not statistically significant.
• Beta-catenin levels were lower in those using sodium valproate. There were no significant differences in Axin-2 gene expression between the two groups.

Ultimately, the study suggests that topical corticosteroids and sodium valproate are equally effective in treating patchy alopecia areata.

Understanding Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes patchy hair loss. Autoimmune disorders result when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. In this case, the immune system attacks hair follicles, causing the hair to fall out. Typically, hair loss occurs in quarter-sized patches. Some people may experience a few patches while others experience significant hair loss. Alopecia areata totalis is when all hair is lost off the head; alopecia areata universalis is when all hair is lost on the body. If you have a family history of this condition or have another autoimmune disorder, your risk is heightened.

In rare cases, the patches may itch, change color, develop visible openings, have black dots, or grow short or white hairs. Outside of hair loss, people with this condition may experience pitted nails and psychosocial distress.

The National Alopecia Areata Foundation offers numerous resources and support groups for those affected. If you have this condition and are looking for people who understand, consider reaching out for support.