In the United States, colorectal cancer represents the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. A colonoscopy continues to be the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It is also a therapeutic intervention as it facilitates the diagnosis of nonmalignant colorectal conditions.

The Procedure

The procedure involves a hand-held flexible endoscope that uses a high-definition camera at the tip along with accessory channels allowing irrigation, suction, and insufflation (breathing assistance).

Visual data from the camera facilitates detection of colorectal abnormalities. A colonoscopy continues to demonstrate diagnostic sensitivity as compared to barium enemas, fecal occult blood testing and computed tomography. Colonoscopy remains accepted as the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal pathologies, especially malignancies.

A comprehensive understanding of the endoscopic anatomy is essential for the healthcare professional in a colonoscopy procedure.

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Rose Duesterwald               June 25, 2026