A significant shift could soon be underway in the management of severe allergic reactions, as new research highlights intranasal (IN) adrenaline as a compelling, needle-free solution for anaphylaxis. This development, shared at the European Emergency Medicine Congress in Vienna and reported by Pulmonology Advisor, spotlights a treatment that may offer both convenience and efficacy for patients in urgent situations.
A team led by Dr. Danielle Furness from the University of Buckingham systematically reviewed existing studies to compare how adrenaline delivered through the nose stacks up against the traditional intramuscular (IM) injection. The analysis covered five clinical studies, ranging from early phase trials to open-label studies, focusing on how quickly and effectively adrenaline enters the bloodstream and its overall safety.
What sets intranasal adrenaline apart is its rapid absorption. The review found that adrenaline sprayed into the nose reached its peak in the blood as fast—or even faster—than standard injections, with some studies showing effects in as little as 2.5 minutes, compared to up to 45 minutes for IM injections. Not only was the speed impressive, but the amount of adrenaline reaching the bloodstream was equal to or greater than that achieved by injection.
The body’s response, measured by heart rate and blood pressure changes, was similar regardless of the delivery method. Safety was also affirmed, with only mild and short-lived side effects reported following nasal administration, indicating that this approach is both effective and well-tolerated.
Practical benefits further strengthen the case for IN adrenaline. The nasal spray formulation boasts a longer shelf life, lasting up to two years, while traditional autoinjectors usually expire within 12 to 18 months. This could reduce the frequency with which patients need to replace their emergency medication, offering peace of mind and potentially lowering costs.
Dr. Furness emphasized the potential of nasal sprays to serve as a reliable substitute for current injection-based therapies. She noted that a needle-free option may lead to quicker and more widespread use during emergencies, especially among those who are hesitant to use needles or in chaotic public environments. This ease of use could make a critical difference, ensuring faster treatment when every second counts.
If approved by regulators, intranasal adrenaline could transform the standard of care for anaphylaxis, making emergency treatment more approachable and accessible for a broader range of patients. The possibility of administering adrenaline quickly, safely, and without needles could not only improve outcomes for individuals at risk of severe allergic reactions but also provide reassurance for caregivers and bystanders alike.
