While Lyme disease is one of the better known tick-borne illnesses, many people might not know about Powassan virus. This flavivirus, common in both Russia and North America, is found in up to 2% of ticks in the country. However, humans actually developing Powassan virus is rare. Yet it is important to discover a treatment, considering that up to 10% of all cases result in fatalities.

In a press release from The Wistar Institute, scientists note that the Institute developed, designed, and tested the first ever synthetic DNA vaccine to combat the Powassan virus. With an estimated 300% rise in cases over the past 2 decades, this vaccine fills a clear unmet need. Scientists use the vaccine to target the virus envelope protein, which UniProt describes as:

a lipoprotein membrane which forms the outermost layer of the virion in certain viruses.

Before publishing their findings in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, researchers tested the vaccine on mice models of Powassan virus. Ultimately, they determined that the vaccine prompted the immune system to respond and provided protection against the virus.

Powassan Virus

According to the CDC:

Most cases in the United States occur in the northeast and Great Lakes regions from late spring through mid-fall when ticks are most active.

Unlike other viruses, even those transmitted by ticks, Powassan virus transmission can occur quickly, even within 15 minutes of being bitten. However, symptoms might appear between 1 week to 1 month. A majority of people with Powassan virus will not have symptoms. Those who do might experience:

• Headache
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Body aches
• Rashes
• Confusion
• Loss of coordination
• Difficulties with speech and memory
• Seizures
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis

While only an estimated 7 or 8 people in the country get this virus each year, it is important to see your doctor if you are showing any symptoms. In rare cases, those who survive the virus (following symptoms) may experience muscle wasting, weakness, or continued headaches. There are no treatments or cures for the virus. However, those with severe cases may need to be hospitalized for hydration and to reduce other potential symptoms.